Fatores associados a mortalidade em pessoas idosas hospitalizados pela Covid-19

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Analyzing the distribution of cases of the disease and deaths by age group, in Brazil and in the world, there is a higher incidence of the disease in adults, however, the lethality is higher in the elderly, and the presence of comorbidities contributes significantly to the increase in this rate. This study may draw attention to the importance of early identification of signs and symptoms related to COVID-19. The results of this research will bring benefits, in particular, for the population vulnerable to the disease and for the municipality. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the factors associated with mortality from COVID-19 in elderly people who remained hospitalized in a field hospital in the central-west region of Brazil. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional quantitative study that was carried out at a Campaign Hospital (HCamp) in the Midwest region of Brazil. The data collection period was between May and August 2022. Sociodemographic variables were developed using descriptive statistics and comparison, logistic and logistic regression analyzes were performed to determine the association between the variables of interest. This project was submitted for approval and approval by the Research Ethics Committee of the Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás (PUC Goiás) (CAAE: 39079420.7.0000.0037) and the Ethics Committee of the Center for Excellence in Teaching, Research and Projects "Leide das Neves" (CAAE: 39079420.7.3002.5082), being approved by the CEP of PUC Goiás on November 9, 2020 (nº. 4.385.690) and by the CEP "Leide das Neves" on May 10, 2021 (nº. 4.702.570). RESULTS: Most of the hospitalized elderly were male (67.7%), aged between 60 and 79 years (60.5%), living in the interior of the State of Goiás (60.2%), presenting symptoms such as dyspnea (68.2%) and cough (51.8%), mentioning systemic arterial hypertension (50.4%) and diabetes (35.8%) as comorbidities. The mean admission time was 8 days and the mean hospital stay was 6 days. In the comparison between length of stay considering sociodemographic and clinical variables of the population, the variables "age group" and "dyspnea" had a statistically significant influence on death from COVID-19. CONCLUSION Analyzing the 873 medical records of individuals who were hospitalized for COVID-19 in the State of Goiás in 2020, the profile of deaths is evidenced as individuals aged 60 to 69 years, male, with comorbidities and classic symptomatology for the disease, residents in the interior of the State of Goiás. Mortality incidence in the elderly by COVID-19 was 41.4%. The presence of comorbidities proved to be the factor with the greatest effect on the occurrence of deaths from COVID-19