Políticas habitacionais e planejamento urbano em Goiânia: revisão do plano diretor (2007-2022) e implementação do programa Casa da Gente

Abstract

Social housing is one of the main urban challenges faced by Brazilian cities, particularly in metropolitan areas like Goiânia. Housing deficits, the disordered expansion of peripheral areas, and the lack of infrastructure in residential areas are some of the challenges that public policies have sought to mitigate for decades. Since the enactment of the Estatuto das Cidades in 2001 and the creation of programs such as Minha Casa Minha Vida, there have been significant advances in housing provision. However, these programs face barriers at the local implementation level, which directly impact the effectiveness of urban policies, either through the population's access to financing or the location of the housing developments. Goiânia, the capital of Goiás, mirrors many of these challenges, particularly in the application and integration of housing policies with urban planning. The objective of this dissertation is to analyze housing policies in Goiânia, focusing on the coordination between the different levels of government and the efficiency of the housing programs implemented, such as Minha Casa Minha Vida, and the impact of the recent approval of the Casa da Gente Program. The research aims to understand how housing policies contribute to reducing the housing deficit and promoting a more inclusive and sustainable territorial occupation. It also seeks to identify the main obstacles faced by the municipal housing policy and propose recommendations for improvement, based on an analysis of the experiences implemented. The methodology used combines a mixed approach, integrating both quantitative and qualitative data. Data on the housing deficit in Goiânia were analyzed, based on statistics from the João Pinheiro Foundation and the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PnadC), along with a literature review on public policies and urbanization. The study also included an analysis of specific cases, such as the Jardins do Cerrado housing project, funded by the Minha Casa Minha Vida program, and the evaluation of its impact on the city's urban fabric. Housing policies were examined in light of official documents, such as the 2022 Goiânia Master Plan, the Statute of the City, and specific municipal legislation. The research results show that, although housing programs have advanced in the construction of housing units, significant challenges remain concerning the location of the developments, the quality of the available infrastructure, and the lack of integration between housing policies and other urban policies, such as mobility and access to public services. Additionally, the research found that most housing initiatives are concentrated in peripheral areas, contributing to sociospatial segregation and increasing urban inequalities. Although important, housing programs have not been fully successful in mitigating the housing deficit, particularly among low-income families. The dissertation concludes that housing policies in Goiânia need to be better integrated into overall urban planning to ensure that the developments meet the population's needs in a sustainable and equitable manner. Strengthening coordination between different levels of government is necessary, as is promoting solutions that integrate housing, infrastructure, and urban services to build a fairer and more inclusive city