Setor Sul de Goiânia: da concepção urbanística às transformações da paisagem urbana

Abstract

This dissertation examines the development and occupation of the Setor Sul in Goiânia, from its original conception as a garden city to its consolidation as an urban centrality. The research adopts a historical-geographical and qualitative approach, focusing on the urban transformations that occurred over the decades, influenced by political-institutional interventions, land and economic interests, and social dynamics. The study begins with the analysis of Goiânia's initial urban plan, developed by Attílio Corrêa Lima, who proposed a modern city based on the urbanistic principles of the time. This plan was later modified by the Coimbra Bueno brothers under the supervision of Armando Augusto de Godoy. The Setor Sul was designed as a garden city, inspired by the Anglo-Saxon model, with green spaces integrated into the urban design and communal leisure areas. However, over time, economic pressures, real estate speculation, and changes in urban policies led to significant alterations in land use and the densification of the neighborhood. The research addresses the occupation of Setor Sul in different historical periods, highlighting the tensions between the original urbanistic project and the adaptations made to meet the demands of Goiânia's urban growth. Initially planned as a low-density neighborhood with a high quality of life, Setor Sul suffered from a lack of adequate infrastructure in its early decades, and its green spaces, originally planned as communal areas, were in many cases transformed into roads or lost their intended function. The study also highlights the influence of federal projects, such as the CURA Project (Accelerated Urban Recovery Community), which aimed to revitalize degraded areas but failed to prevent the progressive deterioration of the neighborhood. The late urbanization process and the rapid population growth of Goiânia led to significant modifications in Setor Sul, which evolved from a peripheral neighborhood to an urban centrality. The analysis of historical documents, maps, and urban legislation revealed how the neighborhood, initially designed as a residential area, gradually incorporated commercial activities and services, altering its function and structure over time. The work also explores the impact of public policies and real estate speculation on the transformation of Setor Sul, emphasizing the relationship between public decisions and changes in land use and occupation. In addition to examining the historical and morphological transformations of Setor Sul, the dissertation questions the current conditions of the neighborhood, reflecting on its preservation and the challenges faced by contemporary urban planning. The green spaces, although essential to the garden neighborhood concept, face abandonment and marginalization, raising questions about the management of these areas by the public authorities. The work suggests that the articulation between urban preservation and rehabilitation is fundamental to the revitalization of Setor Sul. In summary, this dissertation contributes to the understanding of Goiânia's urban development by analyzing how a neighborhood designed under modernist principles was transformed by socio-economic and political dynamics. The research reinforces the importance of considering urban planning as a continuous process that must balance historical preservation with the evolving needs of a growing city