O trabalho dos professores na educação infantil de CMEI: uma leitura a partir da psicodinâmica do trabalho

Abstract

Over the years, the organization of the work of teachers in Public Nurseries and PreSchools has undergone constant changes due to political motivations, bringing direct implications to the work of teachers who carry out a fundamental work of education and care for early childhood. Such changes can culminate in suffering and pathologies at work, a fact that has already drawn attention to public health demands. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the organization of work and the subjective mobilization of teachers who work in Municipal Centers for Early Childhood Education (CMEIs), based on the report of ten teachers who work in these establishments in an important municipality in the state of Goiás, that is, the working conditions and relationships, the pleasure-suffering experiences, the defensive strategies used by the workers to deal with their suffering arising from work, as well as the resulting pathologies. This is a descriptive and exploratory Case Study, based on the Psychodynamics of Work (PDT). The collection of information is carried out through individual interviews with ten CMEI teachers, and the information obtained was submitted to the Clinical Analysis of Work (ACT). The results are presented in the form of three articles. The first, entitled "The Work of Teachers in Daycare Centers: A Review", aims to analyze national research on this topic, published in the journals of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Capes) and in the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD) between May 2015 and May 2021. The results indicate that research on teachers' work organization already draw attention to the suffering of professionals, considering the constant changes in their work organization. Therefore, they are relevant research, involving studies mainly on the Organization of Work, from different perspectives, such as the PDT, the Historical-Dialectic Materialism, and the Theory of Social Representations (TSR), and the findings are similar, however, the PDT is relevant regarding the referral of anxieties. The second, whose title is "The Precariousness in the Organization of Work of Teachers Who Work in Daycare Centers", aims to analyze the organization of work of teachers of public Daycare Centers, who work in a municipality in the state of Goiás. The results indicate that the working conditions and relationships are precarious and are manifested through great overload and lack of recognition. There is a need for immediate intervention in institutions to improve working conditions and relationships, avoiding the possibility of mental illness among teachers. The third, called "Experiences of Early Childhood Education Teachers in relation to their work", aims to analyze the pleasure-suffering experiences of public day care teachers who work in CMEIs in a municipality of Goiás, in view of the organization of work. The results show that these workers experience a lot of suffering, but they enjoy working with children, as they are happy to transform their realities through education. There is a need for immediate intervention in this institution, to reduce exposure to suffering at work, as exposure to suffering has already led to the removal of professionals due to the pathologies of overload and loneliness resulting from work. In the final considerations, it is evident the need to guarantee better working conditions and relationships, through human managers, as well as guaranteeing that they have the necessary support in the classroom, with the number of children respected, the presence of assistants and a team of multidisciplinary support, aiming to optimize their working time in the dynamics with young children that involves education, care and play, a planned activity, combined with all the pedagogical documentation