Qualidade de vida relacionada a condição de saúde bucal de puérperas da região central do Brasil

Abstract

Dental prenatal care is an action model that gained more notoriety in Brazil after its insertion as an indicator of care for pregnant women in the Unified Health System. Like countless other municipalities in various Brazilian regions, Goiânia maintained its percentage of dental care provided in reduced pregnancy (>42%). The objective of the study was to evaluate the quality of life related to oral health of postpartum women treated in basic health units in Goiânia. This is a crosssectional study carried out with postpartum women hospitalized postpartum in a municipal maternity hospital in Goiânia from May to July 2023. Sociodemographic, dental prenatal and gestational history data were collected, as well as information on the impact of oral conditions on the quality of life of these postpartum women using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire. To analyze the data, absolute and relative frequencies were used, and multiple linear regression was used to determine which variables influenced the quality of life related to oral health, considering a significance level of 5%. The study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of PUC-GOIÁS and the co-participating institution. A total of 817 postpartum women were obtained, but only 240 met the study inclusion criteria and agreed to participate. Of these 240 postpartum women, 14.2% underwent prenatal dental care during pregnancy. The percentage of postpartum women who received guidance to seek dental care was 32.9% and those who participated in some educational action related to oral health during pregnancy was 6.7%. The quality of life related to the oral health of postpartum women had an impact, mainly, in the psychosocial limitation (24.6%) and discomfort-pain (20.0%) domains. The higher the family income and the number of prenatal consultations, the better the quality of life of these women (beta= -0.19; p= 0.003 and beta= -0.05; p= 0.039, respectively). The city of Goiânia has low accessibility to dental care for pregnant women and a low rate of referral by health professionals to this service. In this way, the study portrays the vulnerable state of dental care during the gestational period, exposing the problems related to the accessibility of dental prenatal care in basic health units, in addition to demonstrating that oral conditions during pregnancy have a negative impact on the quality of life