Nascer em Goiânia: representações sociais do parto e da atenção obstétrica recebida no intraparto de risco habitual

Abstract

Introduction: The way we are born can have positive and protective effects in the short and long term on health. Based on this premise, we sought to understand the social representations of habitual risk births and the probable interventionist behaviors reported in order to describe the current obstetric care received in Goiânia. Objective: To analyze the social representations of women who experienced habitual risky intrapartum. Method: This is a qualitative descriptive-interpretative study based on the Theory of Social Representations, developed from field research. Episodic visits to the field were carried out between April and June 2023 and questionnaires were applied to parturient women with both types of birth - normal and cesarean, totaling one hundred participants. The research was approved by the CEP of PUC Goiás under opinion no. 5,779,747. And within the scope of the SMS in the CEP of Hospital and Maternity Dona Íris under Opinion No. 5,867,063. Participation in the research was offered to all women with birth experience within twelve months and who deliberately sought out the Municipal Vaccination Center. Three different collection instruments were adopted and the closing criterion was to obtain a number of one hundred participants. The data obtained had different analysis processes. Firstly, the material was organized into a single corpus configured in a Microsoft Word file. The data relating to the evocations questionnaire were stored, organized and processed using the software Ensemble de programs permettant l'analyse des evocations, developed by Pierre Vergés, in the updated version. In order to maintain the anonymity of each participant, they were identified by compound names, whose first name is Maria and the second name has attributions of elements connected to Physis. Results: One hundred parturient women participated in this study, predominantly black, educated, single women aged between 20 and 35 years. The aspects of obstetric care received, in terms of good practices, presented lower rates than national rates, such as skin-to-skin contact and the promotion of early breastfeeding. In the analysis of the evocation questionnaires, from the perspective of understanding social representations, they point out that the assistance provided to Marias during intrapartum, regardless of the route of delivery, falls short of a positive and satisfactory experience. With regard to assistance, ambiguities are highlighted resulting from the encounter between humanized practices and the withdrawal of these women's autonomy. Final Considerations: Social representations of intrapartum risk for women who experienced it indicate, in their results, positive and negative aspects related to the experience of motherhood. The analysis revealed ambiguous feelings related to childbirth and the responsibility of the professionals involved. Articulating a holistic view of the childbirth phenomenon, as a contribution to health professionals involved in intrapartum care with habitual risk, women's representations point out that, regardless of the mode of birth or institution, dissatisfaction is, in the majority, related to the lack of of humanized care practices such as the adoption of non-pharmacological methods for pain relief