EDUCAÇAO PROFISSIONAL TÉCNICA DE NÍVEL MÉDIO A DISTÂNCIA: ESTUDO DA MEDIAÇÃO DOCENTE NO MODELO DA REDE E-TEC BRASIL NA REDE FEDERAL.

Abstract

This research aimed at identifying and examining ways of teacher mediation in technical courses of e-Tec Network, which is part of the federal Technical Professional Educational system, and its effectiveness regarding the formation objectives mandated by the educational legislation as well as in their curriculum and pedagogic standards in the sense of reaching an education based on scientific, technological, socio-cultural and historical foundations. The analysis carried out on Technical Professional Education in Brazil identify not only the dualism of professional formation once it separates the technical from human formation, but also the intertwining of market interests enhanced by the induction of international organizations, and the technicist tendency of reducing the processes of didactic mediation to merely instrumental procedures. The critical reflection upon these problems (FRIGOTTO, 2001, 2010; FRIGOTTO e CIAVATTA, 2003; KUENZER, 2006, 2009, 2010; EVANGELISTA, 2013; SHIROMA, 2013) raise questions about the efficacy of teachers mediation processes which take place in pedagogic practices of e-Tec Network, its correspondence with the professional profile proposed by the legislation and pedagogic projects, and in the ways of articulating technical and human formation. Thus, this study centres on pedagogic-didactic questions and their direct relation with the political and directive issues for Technical Professional Education, having as theoretical framework the fundamentals of the relation between human emancipation processes and the forms of teaching organization, within the Cultural-Historical Theory (VYGOTSKY, 1931, 2007; DAVYDOV, 1988, 1999; LIBÂNEO, 2004, 2012a, 2012b, 2014; BERNARDES, 2012) as well as the fundamentals of the Educative Intervention Theory (LENOIR, 2011, 2014a). As references about distance education, we based on Toschi (2004, 2011, 2012), Alonso (2011, 2012) and Preti (2000, 2002, 2003, 2005), in order to search for theoretical frameworks that defend the qualitative accuracy of distance courses beyond the democratization of access.The empirical research was conducted in three federal technical education schools, which deal with e-Tec Network, being two federal institutes (IF) and one Federal Center of Technological Education (CEFET). In these schools, we attended online lessons and collected tasks, assessments and lesson plans from seven different subjects. We also conducted interviews with tutors, teachers, coordinators and students from four courses, envolving multiple aspects of the online teacher mediation processes. The data analysis results can point out that the teacher mediation taken online is held mostly in an instrumental order, once it reproduces similar types of traditional teaching methods. The forms of teaching organization and tasks dont include activities that mobilize cognitive operations toward reflection and analyses, nor forms of pedagogic interaction between teacher and students, consolidating practices that bring few contributions to the integral human formation of the students in its personal, social and professional dimension. As a result, the procedures for assessing learning come to verify memorization, repetition, and the performance in technical abilities. Therefore, we conclude that online professional formation developed in the analyzed courses is incoherent with the one stated in official documents and in the pedagogic projects of the aforementioned institutions. On the contrary, it strengthen the existing structural duality and points out to the occurrence of very limited and modest pedagogic-didactic practices which configures itself as a technical course of questionable quality and far from the conditions of integral human formation of students.