EFETIVIDADE DAS ÁREAS DE RESERVA FLORESTAL LEGAL POR MEIO DO PAGAMENTO PELOS SERVIÇOS AMBIENTAIS: PERSPECTIVA PARA A RECUPERAÇÃO DO CERRADO GOIANO.

Abstract

The present dissertation analyzes the advantage of adopting incentive mechanisms as a tool for integrated environmental management of the Legal Reserve areas, aiming the Goiás' Cerrado.In this sense, among the issues addressed in international discussions about environmental and climate questions that marked the last decades, pointing to the need to protect natural resources, is in evidence the forests contributions to reduce for greenhouse gases emissions, taking into view of the aggravating factor printed by deforestation and burning to the climate change. Through theoretical research literature about the origin and evolution of forest protection in Brazil, we investigated the importance of preserving the Legal Reserve areas in favor of the climate and biodiversity, analynsing, for both, the environmental services provided by the vegetation of these areas. The research also treated the payment for environmental services as a mechanism inducing of desired environmental behavior and the importance of encouraging the reforestation practices in the legal reserve areas, supported by the grant of an economic compensation to landowners or not, considering the benefits that the positive externalities of these activities can bring to the society as a whole. The thematic focus is fixed in the Cerrado, especially in the region of state of Goiás (Brazil), where 97% of the biome is concentrated at the beginning of the century, reducing nowadays at a percentage below to 30%, considering the accelerating deforestation began in the decades of 70 and 80, which still continues today, because of the ineffectiveness of command and control mechanisms adopted by the current forest policy to hold the phenomenon. The problem confrontation was raised by the 'protector-receiver' principle and by the theory of the Law promotional function, aiming to demonstrate the feasibility of combined traditional policies for environmental management and modern ones, which, adopting the concept of premial sanction, are capable of directing behaviors, being, therefore, more connected to the current project of State Environmental Law.