POLÍTICA DAS LICENCIATURAS NA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL: O ETHOS DOCENTE EM (DES)CONSTRUÇÃO.

Abstract

The Federal Institutes were created by Law No. 11,892 in 29 December 2008. In Article 7, IV, "b" is establishing the obligation in offering Licenciate degress, primarily in the areas of Science, Mathematics and Professional Education. This levy derived from the educational policies of the time, such as the Education Development Plan, which was based on the National Council of Education report entitled the "Shortage of teachers in high school: emergency and structural proposals". The licenciate degrees were then instituted in the Federal Institutes as an emergency measure for the possible high school blackout. The main objective of this research is to analyze the teaching ethos in Licenciate Degree of Biological Sciences at the Federal Institute Goiano - Campus Rio Verde. Specifics are: a) revisit the history of the Federal Institutes and teacher training in Brazil and the insertion of licenciate degrees in technical institutions; b) understand the ethos of teacher training at an institution that historically dedicated to professional education; c) to analyze the contradictions or convergences in the teaching ethos from the perspective of graduates. The research problem: The revelations of graduates and teacher-trainers of licenciate degrees in Biological Sciences at the Federal Institute Goiano - Campus Rio Verde converge to constitute a teaching ethos or contradict it? The guiding theoretical axes of reference are: a) historical origin of the Federal Institutes with support in legal documents and Cunha’s ideas (1997; 2000b); Pacheco (2009; 2010); b) dual identity of the Brazilian education in the writings of Saviani (2007), Ciavatta and Ramos (2011), Teixeira (2007), Cunha (2000a), and Frigotto Ciavatta (2003); c) Educational Policy contribution with Teacher Training in Saviani (1991; 1992; 1999; 2005; 2007; 2009; 2010; 2012); Brzezinski (1987; 1995; 1999; 2000; 2001; 2002; 2005; 2008; 2014); Nóvoa (1991; 1992); d) enhancement and proletarianization of education professionals, with the pillars, among others, claims, proposals and research results of the National Association for Training of Education Professionals; e) vocational training with support in Frigotto (1986; 1999; 2002; 2006; 2007), Ciavatta and Ramos (2011; 2013), Kuenzer (1999; 2000). We opted for the historical dialectic materialism as a research method, since it enables a real view of totality, glimpsed in the class struggle, in the core of the contradiction engendered by capitalist society and that installs as a practice in the higher education institution training licenciate graduates. The research approach is quantitative and qualitative, methodology and includes the analysis of empirical data collected in the questionnaire. The research subjects have 11 trainers-teachers and 12 graduates. From the analysis of empirical data emerged three categories: Category 1: teacher profession, training, appreciation and proletarianization; Category 2: Teaching Work: conception and contradictory in choosing the teaching profession; Category 3: Constituent elements of the teaching ethos: three-dimensionality and Degree in Biological Sciences Campus Rio Verde. In conclusion, the Federal Institutes are expanding the offer of licenciate degrees areas, going beyond the priority areas. Duality is still impregnated in the Federal Institutes, the most graduates do not want to be a teacher / licenciated. The teacher profession is not attractive social and economically. There are strengths and weaknesses in Biological Sciences Licenciate Degree that influenced in the formation of the teaching ethos, among them can mention as potential the exclusive dedication and high titer of trainers and teachers as weaknesses; lack of research in Education teachers- trainers, emphasis of specific knowledge in detriment of pedagogical; specialized teachers in specific knowledge teaching pedagogical subjects.