Mal-estar e adoecimento docente no contexto da educação infantil

Abstract

This research, whose theme is Teaching Health and Illness in the context of Preschool Education, is linked to the Research Line State, Policies and Educational Institutions, of the Postgraduate Program in Education (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação – PPGE), of PUC-Goiás. The problem and questions of this study pervade the unveiling of the contradictions of Teacher’s Discontents in the context of Preschool Education and the reasons for the illness of the Teachers in the professional sphere, using as a method the dialectical materialism-historical of Marx and Engels (1988). The theoretical foundation goes through bibliographic, documentary, empirical and content analysis research and counts on the contributions of the following theorists: Saviani (1984; 2007; 2011), Netto (2011), Chauí (2011), Konder (1983), Lombardi ( 2005; 2011), Enguita (1991), Frigotto (1997; 2003), among others, no less important. The objectives of this study are: to know, interpret, reflect and analyze the workers' struggles against the arbitrariness of power and the relevant historical contributions of these professionals in the field of education, as well as the legal and normative guarantee of the access and permanence rights of children in Education Childlike, in a systematized and institutionalized way. This thesis is structured in three chapters. In the first, it analyzes the influences of neoliberal policies in the context of Education and the reflexes of this type of economic doctrine in the field of preschool education. In the second, there is an analysis about the day-to-day work of Early Childhood Education teachers given the precariousness and overload process that has been one of the conditions of illness of these teachers who exercise their functions, daily, within the institutions responsible for the first stage of Basic Education. And, in the third, are the analyzes of the contradictions presented in the empirical development of the research, through the data, such as medical leaves of absence and the speeches presented by the interviewed teachers. In the methodological field, digital documents (spreadsheets and crafts) are analyzed, in relation to the teaching leave granted between 2013 and 2017, provided by the Municipal Education Department of Goiânia - SME, and the materials (narratives) presented by 30 Teachers interviewed at the Municipal Centers of Early Childhood Education of Goiânia-GO - CMEIs. This reflection reached the following considerations: that the teacher of Early Childhood Education is part of a category of exploited, devalued workers, from which it appears that all the challenges shown tend to provide and aggravate their malaise and illness. He revealed that there are specificities in the scope of international public policies, both national and local, which can favor the process of illness of professional teachers of preschool education. So that it is possible to conclude that, definitely, the Teacher of Early Childhood Education is an important professional in the educational context and needs public educational policies and actions that include investments and resources that can contribute to the improvement of working conditions, wages dignified, in the valorization of professionals, and, among other prerogatives, that these teaching workers are able to qualify in their respective functions so that they continue to fight in defense of public, free, secular and humanized education