Análise do financiamento da educação em Bela Vista de Goiás e sua relação com o fechamento das escolas rurais

Abstract

Linked to the research line State, Policies and Educational Institutions, of the Graduate Program in Education of the Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás (PUC GOIÁS), this thesis aims to identify the value applied to municipal education in Bela Vista de Goiás, in order to analyze the reasons for the policy of closing rural schools. In this sense, the research problem was formulated to understand if the cost of financing education, for the student of the municipal network, contributes to the justification of the closing of rural schools. In the field of public educational policies, the financing of rural and urban Basic Education in Brazil is approached, and its contradictions and challenges in the municipality of Bela Vista de Goiás, based on an analysis of the configuration of the Brazilian State, legislation and constitutive elements, necessary to make possible the offer of an education in conditions of quality in the first phase of the basic education. In the light of historical-dialectical materialism, the theoretical basis to guide this research is sought. As a methodology, documentary and bibliographic sources were used, articulating empirical and theoretical work. In the course of the study, we seek to know the historical course of the legal frameworks, which ensure the allocation of financial resources to Brazilian public education, highlighting the different movements carried out by the State for its effectiveness. In the text, there is a resumption of the discussion about education in and of the countryside, articulated with the concept of quality. Among the public policies aimed at education, the Fund for the Maintenance and Development of Basic Education and the Valuation of Education Professionals stands out as a fundamental condition for the financial management of municipal education and the school transport policy, with the main action being the Program National School Transport as ideological instruments to justify the displacement of the student from the countryside to the city, configuring as the program that uses the largest contribution of resources from the municipal treasury. It appears that, in Bela Vista de Goiás, the public power's argument of financial infeasibility for the process of reorganizing and closing rural schools was not supported, as no elements capable of proving this assertion were found, that is, the justification of municipal managers is anchored in hypotheses, fully serving an ideological and marketing discourse. It emerged in the research that the justification for the closing of rural schools is supported by the role that ideology plays in society in general. The urbancentric process arrived in education and imposed itself on rural education, disrespecting the values, culture, knowledge and habits of the peasant. The research reveals that the municipality applied concomitant values to the cost-student-quality, although the expenses with school transport have been responsible for a large part of the investment in education. In 2019, resources from the municipal treasury allocated 54% to this action. It is necessary to look into the real intentions for the closure of rural schools, deconstructing neoliberal and ideological justifications. This work complies with part of this movement, at the moment it deconstructs the economic argument