O contingenciamento como um fator do desfinanciamento das universidades federais: um estudo da Universidade Federal de Goiás (2011-2022)

Abstract

This thesis integrates the studies carried out in the State, Policies and Educational Institutions Research Line at PUC Goiás. We analyzed the contingency having as its main factor the process of defunding on Federal Universities that occurred at the Federal University of Goiás (UFG), having as a guiding thread the government policies implemented in Brazil in the 2011-2022 time frame. The question that this thesis sought to answer is whether the resource constraints of Federal Universities were a factor in the defunding of UFG. The general objective was to identify, interpret and analyze the resource constraints at UFG and its relationship with a policy that has been defunding higher education in Brazil. The specific objectives were defined as relating neoliberal premises and their influences on public policies for higher education in Brazil, understanding the process of expansion of higher education in Brazil, as a governmental action, identifying the logic of financing higher education in Brazil, based on the historical, economic and social movement that materializes in public policies, mapping, comparing and analyzing the budgetary data originated from Union resources in the period 2011 to 2022 for the UFG and identify the contingencies that occurred in the analysis of this implication, based on the information described about Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), in the budgetary information available in the Integrated Planning and Budget System (SIOP) and in the data available in UFG Integrated Management Reports. Contemporary authors were used as theoretical support, such as: Amaral (2003; 2016; 2017; 2020; 2021 and 2022), Bianchetti (1999), Freitas (2018 and 2020); Frigotto (1999); Gadotti (1990 and 2001); Giacomoni (2010 and 2017) and classic authors such as: Bobbio (1998); Locke (1978); Marx and Engels (1977;1986 and 2001), among others. We based our analyzes on the premises of historical-dialectical materialism and used empirical and documentary research as a methodology. We analyzed the policies of governments with a neoliberal bias that established themselves and were responsible for bringing higher education closer to the process of naturalization between knowledge and the educational market, as well as the dispute over public funds, especially for private HEIs that have the largest supply of vacancies and enrollments in higher education. This political framework marked a period of consolidation of neoliberal policies in Brazil, which were later reflected in higher education budget cuts. Analyzes of the continuous cuts inflicted on education framed a reality of uncertainty and insecurity, putting the maintenance capacity of the public university itself at risk. The lack of public budgets brought aspects of the free nature of public universities into discussion and went against the autonomy and freedom of thought of the university community and the freedom of professorship. To undertake an in-depth case study, the results showed that the budget and financial cuts that occurred from 2011 to 2015 (this last year with the largest contingency observed), served as a justification for the defunding of higher education in the following years. The observed and identified results constituted a period of significant budgetary losses for UFG, which was reflected in institutional planning, limiting and making the University's administrative management unfeasible. These results revealed the importance of strengthening university autonomy in the face of austerity government policies, which oppose the continuity of public higher education and which could lead to its disappearance