A organização do ensino do conceito evolução nas series iniciais da educação básica na concepção da teoria do ensino desenvolvimental

Abstract

This investigation, linked to the Research Line Educational Theories and Pedagogical Processes, of the Postgraduate Program in Education - PPGE at PUC Goiás, is located in the theoretical field of Didactics. It was assumed that despite the interest in Historical-Cultural Theory, both in Brazil and abroad, the potential of this framework has not yet been completely appropriated by researchers investigating science teaching, particularly in the early years of elementary school. Thus, considering the need for a teaching methodology based on Vasili V. Davidov's Theory of Developmental Teaching, we searched for elements that would allow us to answer the question: What is the contribution of Davydov's theory to organizing science teaching focusing on study of the Evolution concept by students in the initial grades of basic education? Thus, the central objective of the research was to discuss the contributions of Davidov's developmental teaching to the science teaching-learning process in the initial grades, specifically taking the Evolution concept into greater depth. Methodologically, a literature review was carried out in order to understand the main concerns currently present in the scientific and academic environment in relation to teaching the concept of evolution in basic education, as well as the theoretical-bibliographical study on Davydov's contributions to thinking about the organization of teaching of the Evolution concept, with a view to promoting the development of students' thinking through the formation of concepts. the challenges of teaching science, specifically the concept of Evolution in the early years, as well as a theoretical-bibliographical study of Davidov's contributions to teaching the concept of Evolution. The main results stand out: according to the theory of developmental teaching, it is up to the teacher to carefully analyze the content so that he or she can create necessary actions for the student to creatively reproduce the concept. The development of students' critical consciousness and psychic abilities requires a teaching organization focused on the formation of theoretical thinking, guided by dialectical logic. The organization of teaching from the Davydovian perspective, through six actions that place the student in the movement of thought from the abstract to the concrete, presents a significant transformative potential for learning the concept of evolution. These actions mobilize the student to assume an attitude of investigating, establishing relationships, making discoveries, drawing conclusions, in a well-founded way, through a method of thinking of which he or she is aware. Thus, the research carried out came to the conclusion that the theory of Developmental Teaching has a lot to contribute to science teaching, as the concepts used in this theory provide rich potential for teaching students to think dialectically