Estudos de impacto de vizinhança (EIV) e trânsito (EIT) em Goiânia: efetividade e perspectivas para a administração pública

Abstract

This dissertation investigates the effectiveness of Neighborhood Impact Studies (EIV) and Traffic Impact Studies (EIT) in Goiânia, focusing on their contributions and challenges for urban planning and public administration. The research examines the regulation and application of these instruments, especially after the enactment of the City Statute (2001) and the revisions of Goiânia's Master Plan in 2007 and 2022. The EIV and EIT aim to assess the impacts of new developments on urban infrastructure, mobility, and quality of life, mitigating the negative effects of unregulated urban growth and promoting sustainable development. The methodology adopts a qualitative approach, complemented by quantitative data, to understand how these instruments have been implemented and their outcomes since their regulation in 2008 up to the most recent revision in 2023. The research includes a literature review, documentary analysis of urban legislation, case studies of developments approved through these instruments, as well as interviews with professionals and municipal authorities responsible for their application. Data collected from the Municipal Department of Urban Planning (SEPLANH) and the Municipal Department of Mobility (SMM) were used to evaluate the effectiveness of EIV and EIT in land-use control and the improvement of urban mobility conditions. The results show that, although EIV and EIT are widely used in the licensing process, their application faces significant challenges. Among them is the lack of integration between neighborhood and traffic impact analyses, as well as the difficulty of coordination between different government sectors. There is also a widespread perception that EIV is a bureaucratic tool rather than a strategic instrument for urban planning. The subordination of EIV to EIT in terms of urban mobility and the fragmentation of analyses hinder the ability to obtain comprehensive diagnostics on the impacts of developments and urban dynamics. The research also identifies opportunities for improvement. The proposals include revising the procedures for drafting the Terms of Reference, utilizing information technologies to facilitate public participation, and improving coordination between urban planning and mobility sectors. Additionally, the incorporation of post-occupancy monitoring mechanisms is suggested to ensure the implementation of the proposed mitigation measures. In conclusion, EIV and EIT have the potential to play a more significant role in the sustainable urban development of Goiânia, provided that they are improved in terms of institutional coordination and public participation. This dissertation contributes to the debate on the relevance of integrating urban and environmental policies, proposing that EIV be consolidated as an essential instrument of urban governance, aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the New Urban Agenda, promoting more inclusive, safe, and resilient cities