ENSINO DESENVOLVIMENTAL E APRENDIZAGEM DE PRODUÇÃO TEXTUAL NO ENSINO MÉDIO

Abstract

The present dissertation is the result of a research done in a public state school of Senador Canedo GO. The subjects of this study were the teacher and the students of a first-year high school class, and the theme of our investigation was the teaching/learning process of text production more specifically, the writing of compositions. The Historic- Cultural Theory and the Developmental Teaching Theory underlie this research. Such theories advocate for the idea that human development is the result of historic, cultural and social relations, in a dialectic relationship between external and internal factors in an individual, in a way that, with the activity, the individual turns objective relations into subjective ones, by means of the internalization/appropriation process, which promotes his/her cognitive development and the building of his/her awareness. The theories already mentioned also defend the thesis that learning takes place in the process of appropriation of scientific knowledge and theoretical concepts, viewing the school as the locus for learning activities, since it deals with contents in a theoretical-scientific way. Due to its theme, this research is also founded on Text Linguistics, considering the social and psychological character of text production. This qualitative research was done with the description and analysis of the teaching/learning process observed in the classroom and of the teacherstudent relationship, with semi-structured interviews with both teacher and students, as well as with documental analysis, in which the main document was a writing activity performed by the students. In addition to the instruments previously mentioned, a didacticformative experiment was done, in which a didactic path was created and a plan, based on developmental stages, was designed, in order to find out what kind of learning the students would present with the use of writing activities that had been organized according to the Developmental Teaching Theory. Under the guidance of that experiment, the students wrote another composition with the same theme of the one previously written. Data analysis included the comparison of the two compositions, and the results revealed a significant difference in terms of conceptual acquisition/formation, the building of theoretical thinking, the organization of linear thought in accordance with cohesion and coherence criteria, as well as the appropriation of the historically and culturally developed model of the writing of compositions.