Michel Foucault: sobre as ciências humanas, a sociedade panóptica e as especificidades do intelectual

Abstract

This research intends, basead on FOUCAULT, to examine – through XVI, XVII, XVIII and XIX centuries - the conditions of possibility existence of certain knowledges, such as General Grammar, Natural History and the Wealth Analysis, and its rupture with the appearance, in this areas, of new empiricities, such as Philology, Economy and Biology. These Empiricities interact with a new knowledge about man, arised in Modern times: the Human Sciences. From there on, it is tried to describe what has it been the speech of education, since the emergence of this field of knowledge in the XIX century. On the following, it is intended to discuss that education, even though proclaming the construction of individuals justice and citizenship, on the contrary, makes docile subjects and individuals politically passive, due to its normalizatiny and to disciplinatiny function. That happens because modern society is normative and establishes full control over individuals. It is panoptic society. At last, the point of view of FOUCAULT about specificities of intelectual matters in modern society and the urgency of the educator to think about the necessity of his function to be reelaborated.