O movimento renovador da instrução pública primária e a formação de professores em Goiás na primeira metade do Século XX

Abstract

This dissertation aims to study the renovating movement of primary public education and teacher education in Goiás in the first half of the 20th century. The pertinence of this study is anchored to the perception that the historical processes that characterized this period can be seen in the deep and remarkable disquiet in the social, political and economic field, which provoked the transition from an agrarian to an urban and industrial society. Given this context, the guiding question of this research is to verify how the ideals of a renewed education were present in the renovating movement of primary public education and in the education of teachers in the State of Goiás. Consequently, in the search to discover the process of dissemination of the renovating movement of education in Goiás, as a proposal for educational renewal, we investigate actions that have facilitated the incorporation of renovating presuppositions in the education of Goiás. Based on these ideas, we questioned: Who were the subjects involved in the process of dissemination and implantation of the renovating movement of education in Goiás? How was the renovating movement outlined in primary public education in the State of Goiás? What means were used to propagate this movement? How did this propagation occur? How was the formation of the teachers of Goiás designed in the context of the renewal of education in the State? As a general objective, we sought to historically analyze the presence of the renovating movement in primary public education in Goiás in the first half of the twentieth century, more precisely, from 1916 to 1945, taking into consideration the way in which the process of teacher education was articulated in the light of the principles of the educational renewal, since it was during this period that the presence of this ideology was visualized in the legislation of Goiás and in the discourse of the political elite of the State. Specifically, our intention was to identify the organization of primary public instruction in Brazil and Goiás in the first half of the twentieth century; to verify the principles of the renovating movement of primary public education in the discourse of the political elite and in the school legislation of Goiás; and to understand the process of education of teachers from Goiás in the context of the educational reform movement. The documentary corpus consists of speeches and presidential messages, primary education programs and regulations, laws and decrees from that period, newspaper articles, letters and reports, as well as the Journal of Education in Goiás. In this research, the analyzed documents were read in light of the theoretical and methodological references of Cultural History. Therefore, it was possible to perceive that Goiás, even with the problems arising from its large territory, was not left out of the progress regarding the educational process. It was verified through the sources that the State followed the national debate and sought to place itself in the same stature of the achievements of other states. Thus, the sources give indications that Goiás, with its peculiarities, undertook the reform of public education in accordance with the principles of the educational renovating movement, which were manifested mainly through the teaching legislation and teacher education processes in order to be capable of propagating the ideas of the renewal of education