O movimento lógico-histórico de conteúdos matemáticos no ensino fundamental em experimentos didáticos formativos: balanço das produções acadêmicas dos anos de 2013 a 2022 no Estado de Goiás

Abstract

This research seeks to argue that an education based on the construction of theoreticalscientific concepts, considering the logical-historical movement of the objects of study, can break with limited and technicalist pedagogical approaches, still present today. Given this, the objective was to understand, through the analysis of theses and dissertations carried out in the State of Goiás in the years 2013 to 2022, how the logicalhistorical movement of mathematical contents is developed in formative didactic experiments with elementary school students. Using the studies of Marx, Kopnin and Lefebvre, a theoretical contribution was created presenting the idea of movement and formation of thought, within the dialectical materialist perspective. Based on Vygotsky's Historical-Cultural theory, Leontiev's Activity theory and Davydov's theory of developmental teaching, the teaching-learning process and its implications for the psychic development of students are discussed. The investigative procedure consisted of carrying out the state of knowledge of theses and dissertations from the decade 2013 to 2022 in Goiás, which report educational didactic experiments carried out in elementary schools. The analysis of this material enabled varied insights, going beyond the focus of the research. It was possible to conclude that this movement of construction and reconstruction of knowledge that is part of the history of humanity is important for the construction of theoretical thought, however it is a long-lasting process, which does not end in a didactic experiment, not even in a year school. Therefore, for a deep psychic formation, a study activity is necessary that allows the object to come and go, retracing the path taken by scientists, in order to understand and assimilate the core concept of mathematical contents and use them in different particular situations in life. To this end, attention is drawn to the need for quality training and study by teachers and also to review some structural demands of the current educational system