Aprendizagem do conceito de música: contribuições da teoria do ensino desenvolvimental

Abstract

The present study focused on the formation of the musical theoretical thought of the students of the first year of the Fundamental Teaching School. It is inserted in the didactics field, dealing with the relations between music teaching and learning. The theoretical references are based in works of Vygotsky, Luria, Leontiev, Elkonin and Davydov and of musical educators as Schaffer and Willems. It implied that the problems faced by the musical teaching education result of a multiplicity of factors, and the strong presence of a traditional education model is one of them. Thus, the investigation was directed for the following inquiries: How the music teaching can be organized in order to the students learning result in concepts formation? How to work the music concept in the Cultural-Historical Theory? What are the advantages and difficulties in the realization of this kind of teaching organization? The objectives of the research were: investigating and analyzing the application of the methodology proposed by Davydov for the learning of the music concept; organizing the music teaching for a group of the first year of the Fundamental Teaching School, keeping in mind the learning of music concept; identifying the advantages and difficulties of the implementation of the Davydov proposal considering the context of the field school. The research consisted in the realization and attendance of an educational-formative experiment for five months (February, March, April, May, June), in the year of 2011, in a state public institution of the regular educational system in the city of Goiânia, in Goiás state. The data were collected through the observation of the activity of the teacher and of the students along the carrying out of the educational experiment, having as reference the planning and the development of a developmental teaching plan elaborated with the intention of promoting the students´ acquisition of the necessary contents for the music concept formation. Besides the classes observation, it was also used the semi-structured interview with the teacher of the class, the school observation, the musical composition produced by the students in togetherness with the music teacher. The results showed that the educational experiment searched for understanding how the students appropriated the musical concepts oriented by principles of the theory of Davydov. They also showed that by using this procedure the students learning was significant. They also showed that by using this procedure the students learning was significant. The main contribution of this research consisted in showing that, despite the existence of several factors that reflect in school life and in the learning of the students, the Developmental Teaching can be a promising possibility to the formation of the students musical way of thinking.