Expansão da educação superior privada no Brasil a partir da década de 1990: o caso da Faculdade Cambury de Goiânia - GO

Abstract

The minimization process regarding the role of the State and its management forms which occurred in the 1970s in a neo-liberal perspective that comprises the market as a founding, unifying and regulatory principle of a competitive global society has been generating educational policies that demand a new social role for higher education. That minimization process has also been causing countless changes in undergraduate teaching. Such changes have been guided by the capitalist logic. This study, therefore, aimed at understanding the expansion and privatization process of higher education institutions in Brazil (which happened in this country especially in the 1990s), by means of a case study that took place at Faculdade Cambury , in Goiânia-GO. In order to achieve the objective of this research, it was necessary to reconstruct, in a concise way, the history of the organization we have already referred to ( Faculdade Cambury ). In other words, it was necessary to recall its creation, expansion and consolidation, which began in 1990, with the foundation of Instituto Cambury (the institution that, subsequently, originated Faculdade Cambury ). The investigation of the origins of Faculdade Cambury , its recent past and its conception of teaching as a private higher education organization was only possible by means of the analysis of its position in the private higher education system in Brazil, as well as in Goiás, in connection with the State Reform and the educational policies that derived from this reform. In Goiânia, Faculdade Cambury , which was established in 1998, was the first organization conceived in accordance with the policies related to the reform already mentioned. Among the main analysis categories we have selected for this research, we highlight the one referring to the extended State , formulated by Gramsci, as well as the one that sees universities as institutions and organizations a point of view proposed by Chauí. This investigation, which can be classified as qualitative research, was done through theoretical studies about the theme of our investigation, through the study of documents, as well as through interviews. We attempted to find, in the parts or components of a unity, the understanding of their relation with the whole. With this research, we could come to the conclusion that the creation of Faculdade Cambury and the activities that this institution has been developing were guided by the educational policies that were in progress in the country throughout time and by the market demands associated with the business interests of the institution s managers. We found plenty of evidence that the organization has been in accordance with the new model of higher education implemented, above all, with the latest LDB Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (Law number 9,394 from 1996). In sum, this study aimed at participating effectively in the discussion about the expansion of higher education in Brazil, in the perspective of the market whose purposes are preponderantly private.